BORNEO JOURNAL OF SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY, (BJoST) is an international peer-viewed and open assess online academic research journal in science and technology fields published by UTS Publisher. BJoST encourages new ideas and works in the fields of science and technology, and it publishes high-quality original papers, theory-based empirical papers, review papers, case reports, conference reports/papers, technology reports, book reviews, commentaries, events and news. We welcome papers from both academicians and practitioners on theories, business models, conceptual paradigms, academic research, and consultancy projects. BJoST is published biannually (January and July) periodical that considers original published articles as per its scope. The journal publishes in English, and it is open to authors around the world regardless of nationality. The Journal is available worldwide in electronic format.